1. What is NMN?
NMN (Nicotinamide Mononucleotide) is a naturally occurring nucleotide and an immediate precursor to NAD⁺ (Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide), a critical coenzyme involved in redox metabolism, DNA repair, and mitochondrial communication. Research has focused on NMN’s role in maintaining cellular energy balance and resilience, particularly as NAD⁺ levels change under conditions such as aging, stress, and metabolic challenge.
2. NMN Structure
Molecular Formula：C₁₁H₁₅N₂O₈P
Molecular Weight：334.22g/mol
CAS Number：1094-61-7
3. NMN Research
【1】 Basic Biology & Pathways
NMN is synthesized from vitamin B₃ derivatives via the NAMPT enzyme and converted into NAD⁺ by NMNAT within cells. It is present in trace amounts in certain foods (e.g., broccoli, avocado, cabbage). Research also shows extracellular NAMPT vesicles transport NMN, contributing to inter-tissue NAD⁺ distribution
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【2】 Age-Related Decline & NAD⁺ Resilience
NAD⁺ levels decline with age, obesity, and chronic stress. Studies suggest that NMN may help restore NAD⁺ bioavailability and support mitochondrial and nuclear signaling processes.
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【3】 In Vivo & Cellular Studies
l Metabolism & insulin sensitivity: Reduced adipose inflammation, improved insulin response in animal studies.
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l Muscle & performance: Early-stage human trials report associations with mobility and physical strength.
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l Cardiovascular protection: Evidence for improved vascular resilience in models of stress.
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l Neuroprotection: Animal studies indicate preserved barrier function and neuronal survival in neurodegeneration models.
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l DNA repair & anti-aging pathways: NAD⁺ fuels sirtuins and PARPs, maintaining genomic stability.
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l Digestive & inflammation: Preliminary studies indicate potential regulation of inflammatory markers.
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【4】 Emerging Functions
l Synthetic biology: NMN studied as a non-natural cofactor for enzymatic engineering.【9】
l Longevity research: Animal models suggest systemic protective roles.
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✅ Why Consider NMN ？
· ⚡ Metabolic Research: Supports insulin sensitivity and mitochondrial efficiency in models.
· 🏃 Muscle & Performance: Associated with improved resilience in animal and early human studies.
· ❤️ Cardiovascular Studies: Linked to arterial function support.
· 🧠 Cognition: Suggested protective effects on neurons and barrier integrity.
· 🛡 Cellular Defense: Enhances DNA repair and stress-response signaling.
· 🍽 Inflammation & Gut Health: Preclinical evidence of modulation of systemic inflammatory tone.
· 🧪 Biotechnology: Used in synthetic biology as a cofactor in engineered pathways.
4. Future NMN Research
【1】 Advanced Human Trials
Controlled studies are investigating NMN at varied daily doses for effects on NAD⁺ levels, physical resilience, and vascular outcomes.
【2】 Delivery Optimization
Research includes oral, transdermal, intranasal, and engineered microbial production methods for improved stability and distribution.
【3】 Cardiometabolic & Immune Targets
Potential in vascular health, autoimmunity, and metabolic syndrome.
【4】 Neurodegeneration & Longevity
Investigations in cognitive impairment, blood-brain barrier support, and genomic protection.
【5】 Synthetic Biology
NMN integrated into enzyme design and AI-guided biosynthesis platforms.
【6】 Mechanistic Deep-Dive
Focus on NAD⁺ turnover enzymes like CD38 and tissue-specific kinetics.
5. Application Areas
l Aging Biology: NAD⁺ restoration pathways.
l Physical Resilience: Skeletal muscle & exercise physiology.
l Metabolism: Insulin resistance & weight balance.
l Cardiovascular Studies: Arterial stiffness and blood vessel integrity.
l Cognition & Brain Health: Models of neurodegeneration.
l Immunity & Gut: Barrier function and inflammatory regulation.
l Biotechnology: Cofactor for synthetic enzymatic reactions.
✅ Summary
NMN is a direct NAD⁺ precursor with diverse biological significance—from metabolism and energy balance to vascular, muscular, and cognitive resilience. Preclinical and early clinical studies highlight its roles in healthy aging, DNA repair, and performance physiology. With advances in delivery technology and synthetic biology, NMN is a growing focus in longevity and biomedical research.
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ALL ARTICLES AND PRODUCT INFORMATION PROVIDED ON THIS WEBSITE ARE FOR INFORMATIONAL AND EDUCATIONAL PURPOSES ONLY.
The products offered on this website are furnished for in-vitro studies only. In-vitro studies (Latin: in glass) are performed outside of the body. These products are not medicines or drugs and have not been approved by the FDA to prevent, treat, or cure any medical condition, ailment, or disease. Bodily introduction of any kind into humans or animals is strictly forbidden by law.
